The input device which helps to read the bar code is called barcode readers. This method uses a number of lines of varying thickness and spacing between them to indicate the desired information. An optical barcode reader can read such bars and convert them into electrical pulses to be processed by a computer. Bar codes are the most used on grocery items. Common used bar code is a universal product code which uses the series of vertical bars of varying widths. The bars are detected as ten digits among which first five identify the supplier or manufacturer of the item and end five identify individual product. The product also has a check digit to ensure that the information read is correct or not.
A point of sale terminal often contains an optical bar reader which is used to process the sale transaction. It is a one-line terminal connected to a computer for processing. The barcode reads by the optical bar code readers decoded and data are sent to the computer, and the computer prints the name, price, and other information of the item on the receipt. The stock at hand and sale record are then updated.
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Here is some helpful information on barcode readers and barcode scanners. They even have a video explaining how barcode scanners work.